•Recycled Content (Materials and Resources Credit 4)
The requirements of this credit are for using materials with recycled content. One point Recycled content constitutes at least 10% (based on cost) of the total value of the materials in the project. The value of the recycled content of a material is the weight of the recycled content in the item divided by the weight of all the materials in that item, and multiplied by the total cost of the item. Lithocrete® allows for easy incorporation of recycled glass, as well as stone or marble that has been salvaged from other buildings. Supplementary cementitious materials such as flyash, silica fume, rice hull, and slag cement are considered pre-consumer. Furthermore, using recycled concrete or slag as aggregate instead of extracted aggregates would qualify as post-consumer. Reinforcement can be considered as a separate item. This credit is worth one point for 10% and 2 points for 20%

•SS Credit 7.1(1 point)
This credit requires high reflectance materials (SRI of at least 29) and/or open grid pavement for at least 50% of the site’s non-roof impervious surfaces (hardscape) such as sidewalks, courtyards, parking lots, driveways and access roads. This requirement can be met by using concrete. Concrete constructed using ordinary Portland cement generally has an SRI of approximately 35, although it can vary. New concrete made with “white” Portland cement generally has an SRI of 86. New asphalt has an SRI of 0. Where paved surfaces are required, using materials with higher reflectance will reduce the heat island effect, consequently saving energy by reducing the demand for air conditioning, and improve air quality. As the temperature of urban areas increases, so does the probability of smog and pollution. This credit is worth one point.

•Construction Waste Management (Materials and Resources Credit 2)
This credit is received for diverting construction and demolition debris from landfill disposal. It is awarded based on diverting at least 50% by weight or volume of the above listed materials. Since concrete is a massive construction material and is frequently crushed and recycled into aggregate for road bases or construction fill, this credit should be obtainable when concrete buildings are demolished. This credit is worth one point of 50% of the construction and demolition debris is recycled or salvaged and 2 points for 75%.

Material Quality - Almost any type of hard, durable aggregate can be used in the preparation of Lithocrete® paving. Aggregates that have been used successfully include:

• Crushed rock - granite, obsidian, quartz, serpentine, marble
• Glass - opaque or translucent in hundreds of colors
• Gems and minerals - turquoise, agate, pyrite "fools gold", jasper, serpentine
• Seashells, beach pebbles
• Silica carbide, Mica, "Pixie Dust"
• Limestone, terra cotta, slate, tile, brass insets, etc.

In the past, keeping small ASR (alkali silica reaction) or "reactive" aggregates embedded in the surface of concrete paving was difficult, if not impossible. Lithocrete's® patented paving process permanently bonds "reactive" as well as non-reactive aggregates with lithium quartz. Litho-Seal, Lithocrete's® patented sealer, significantly reduces the reactive condition that may exist between cement and aggregate. To ensure minimal maintenance, a one-time application of Litho-Seal should be used on Lithocrete® surfaces.

Adding new Lithocrete® to existing Lithocrete® is performed seamlessly with perfect color matching. Lithocrete's® standard series of aggregates are from quarries that have good, long-term consistency characteristics. Projects installed more than 25 years ago using Lithocrete® paving can be matched almost perfectly today.

The Opus Center / Koll Center pictured below features five separate phases of Lithocrete® installed over a span of nearly 25 years with perfect color consistency.

Quality Control - As licensees, Lithocrete® Group Midwest has also been trained to install Lithocrete® the "Lithocrete® Way," which is modeled after Shaw & Sons' 56' years of experience based on the installation of millions of square feet of award-winning concrete product. It is a requirement that each licensee  be capable of installing Lithocrete® to Shaw & Sons' high standards of quality, design, and specifications. To this end, each licensee spends numerous hours of on-site training to learn how to properly install Lithocrete®. Additionally, Lithocrete® Group Midwest licensees have strong knowledge and experience managing concrete installation in the extreme climate conditions we experience in the upper Midwest.

The Lithocrete® patented system defines the process for the installation of high-quality architectural concrete. This process includes several steps that define the quality control. Without the proper execution of each of these steps, architecural concrete paving will be substandard. Lithocrete® prides itself as a leader in constructing high-quality architectural concrete paving. Some, but not all, of the steps Lithocrete® implements pertain to subgrade preparation, formwork and reinforcement, and concrete placement and finishing.

Cost - Because Lithocrete® is a single-pour, monolithic concrete and uses surface-seeded aggregates, it is substantially less expensive to install than other veneer-type finishes such as granite, stone, limestone, brick, or marble. For comparison, you should be able to install approximately 10,000 feet of Lithocrete® to only 4,000 square feet of granite paving. In addition, Lithocrete® has substantially more longevity, thus reducing future maintenance costs. Depending on several factors, Lithocrete® commonly costs $11.00 to $20.00 per square foot, but can vary depending on the project. A wide range of factors affect Lithocrete's® SF costs such as:

• Size of project and its construction sequence
• Schedule and phasing
• Type of distribution percentage or Lithocrete® aggregate used, i.e. recycled glass can cost more than granite aggregate
• Type of cement (white type I, gray type II, or tan type III) and integral color used, (Group 1, 2 or 3)
• Thickness of the concrete slab (pedestrian or vehicular-rated)
• Intricacy of the concrete pours (intricate shapes or large open fields)

Patents - Lithocrete® is a patented architectural concrete paving system that utilizes the structural properties of reinforced concrete, combined with the aesthetic quality of surface-seeded select aggregates. (U.S. Patents #4,748,788, #6,033,146, #6,016,635 and U.S. Trademark #1,873,329)